STRUCTURE PROJECT (PARARELISM)

Parallelism

Parallelism refers to using elements in sentences that are grammatically similar or identical in structure, sound, meaning, or meter. This technique adds symmetry, effectiveness and balance to the written piece.

Parallelism in Sentences

Examples of parallelism within sentences:

·         You need to work quickly and decisively.

·         He was a prolific author, writing poems, short stories, novels, and screenplays.

·         Like father, like son.

·         This is not only just what I wanted, but also just what I needed.

·         Congress needs to either reduce spending or raise taxes.

·         She is sneaky and manipulative.

·         In the parade the Boy Scouts presented the colors, the band marched and the mayor rode in a convertible.

Parallelism in Texts

Examples of parallelism in longer texts:

·         In the famous speech of Martin Luther King, Jr., the phrase “I have a dream” was repeated often and is an example of parallelism for clarity and emphasis.

·         “My fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.” - John F. Kennedy

·         In the Beatitudes from the book of Matthew in the Bible, they begin with “Blessed are the ...” as in “Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted” and “Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the Earth.”

·         "I don’t want to live on in my work. I want to live on in my apartment." - Woody Allen

·         "Today's students can put dope in their veins or hope in their brains. If they can conceive it and believe it, they can achieve it. They must know it is not their aptitude but their attitude that will determine their altitude." - Jesse Jackson

·         "For the end of a theoretical science is truth, but the end of a practical science is performance." - Aristotle

·         “My fellow citizens: I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors.” - Barack Obama

These different sentences and blocks of text show how parallelism works and how it can be used as a useful literary tool. 

NAME : IRMA RAHMAWATI

NIM : 1271368

CLASS : ENGLISH 2012 D

WRITE PRACTICE : ARGUMENTATION PARAGRAPHS

SMOKING

Smoking is a habit that is often done by all people. Starting from adults and children. Sometimes they smoke in public places without regard to the circumstances surrounding. Smoking in public places should be banned for three main reasons. Firstly, smoking destroys everyone in public places. Not only does smoking cigarette affect the smokers’ health, but it also causes health problems to other people who do not smoke when they stay near the smokers. Secondly, smoking is a main cause to environmental pollution. Because of a number of chemicals in each cigarette, the smoke from the number of cigarettes is very dangerous for the environment as a whole. As result, Air pollution, land pollution, and water pollution are the consequences of environmental pollution caused by smoking cigarettes. Although everyone knows about the dangers of smoking, but they do not care about their health because they have not been exposed to the adverse effects of cigarette contents. Everyone should be given good guidance from people who have been affected by smoke, so they believe that cigarettes can damage your health.

NAME : IRMA RAHMAWATI

NIM : 1271368

CLASS : ENGLISH 2012 D

STRUCTURE PROJECT (COMPOUND – COMPLEX SENTENCE)

COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE

A compound-complex sentence contains at least two independent clauses and at least one subordinate clause.

Examples:

1.      The bird was sitting on his perch and he was happily eating food, but then he fell.

2.      The score carries lots of grocery types of items and it has other services because it is the only store in the small town

3.      The car was stuck in the mud for a long time, much to my dismay, and the rain just falling.

    NAME : IRMA RAHMAWATI

    NIM : 1271368

    CLASS : ENGLISH 2012 D

WRITING PRACTICE : PERSUASIVE ESSAY

MILK

Milk is a white nutritious liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals and humans. Milk is the primary source of nutrition for babies before they can digest solid food. Animal milk (usually cow) are also processed into various products such as butter, yogurt, ice cream, cheese, sweetened condensed milk, milk powder and others for human consumption. Milk has many functions and benefits. For age, milk helps their growth. Meanwhile, for the elderly, helps maintain bone non-porous. Milk naturally contains essential nutrients, such as vitamins, protein, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc. Another opinion adding that milk contains minerals and fat. Milk can also be consumed daily 2 times, before doing the activity morning and before bed. Milk also be consumed after breakfast. Now, a lot of milk that is packaged in a unique form. The purpose of this so that people interested in buying and drinking milk. Therefore, let us drink milk. Because the milk, then our body will be healthy.

NAME : IRMA RAHMAWATI

NIM : 1271368

CLASS : ENGLISH 2012 D

STRUCTURE PROJECT (COMPLEX SENTENCE)

COMPLEX SENTENCE

Examples:

A complex sentence has an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses. A complex sentence always has a subordinator such as because, since, after, although, or when (and many others) or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or which.

1. Ferlita and Maria went to the swimming pool after they finished working.
2. When the phone rings, I answer it
3. Because he’s rich, he became arrogant
4. The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow.
5. After they finished working, Ferlita and Maria went  to the swimming pool.

NAME : IRMA RAHMAWATI

NIM : 1271368

CLASS : ENGLISH 2012 D

WRITING PRACTICE : INTERPRETING IDEAS (COMPOUND SENTENCE)

1. The idea: "What about the use of English for early childhood?"
Interpretation: I agreed, for Bagas disagreed


2. The idea: "What do you think of the outdoor learning English?"
Interpretation: I think it is good for students who are active, but not for students who are lazy

NAME : IRMA RAHMAWATI
NIM : 1271368
CLASS : ENGLISH 2012 D

STRUCTURE PROJECT (COMPOUND SENTENCE)

COMPOUND SENTENCE

A compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinator. The coordinators are as follows : for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. Except for very short sentences, coordinators are always preceded by a comma.

Examples:

1. I tried to speak Javanese, and my friend tried to speak Indonesian.
2. I really want to go to school, but I am too lazy to drive.
3. Everyone was busy, so I went to the school alone.
4. Putri watched television, so her mother went shopping.
5. We have never been to Bali, nor have we visited Jogja.

NAME : IRMA RAHMAWATI

NIM : 1271368

CLASS : ENGLISH 2012 D